was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan
American actress Piper Laurie was another conquest in those few years between his marriages. Park who said she wasnt seeing anyone else at the time had the baby aborted. 19352000 Ronald with his second wife, actress Nancy Davis, in 1992, who pursued him relentlessly. Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman divorced due to Wymans affair with a costar. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Named Anne Frances Robbins at birth, she took the surname Davis when her stepfather, Dr. According to her IMDB.com page, she continued to act until 1993, when she made a guest appearance on Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. Both of them were working for Warner Bros. Pictures, and neither was anywhere near the star that they were eventually going to become. It is as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. 1. He always remained a B-movie actor but Reagan, it is said, made it into the beds of a string of A-list actresses, including Lana Turner, Ava Gardner, Doris Day, Betty Grable and even Marilyn Monroe. Wyman and Reagan were married in 1940 and divorced in 1948. When did Jane Wyman and Myron Martin divorce? However, their relationship was never very healthy throughout the whole marriage. [on winning the 1949 Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role of. In 1936 she signed a contract with Warner Bros. Pictures and that led to another name change, the more familiar one of Jane Wyman. According to Jane, the actress was simply starved for attention. June 20, 2021, 9:06 am, by Besides Christine, Ronald and Jane also had two other children, with those being Maureen and Michael. Early lovers are said to have included Australian actress Mary Maguire, who later married the British fascist leader Robert Gordon-Canning, and two actress sisters, Joan and Gloria Blondell. Sophie Skelton's Dating Life: The 'Outlander' Star Was Linked to Only One Actor, Who Is Julian Sands' Wife? With second wife Nancy Davis, Reagan had two children: Patricia Ann, born in 1952, and Ronald Prescott, born in 1958. I've always been a registered Republican. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The son of an alcoholic Irish-American father and a deeply religious mother from smalltown Illinois, he did stints as a lifeguard and a radio announcer before his film-star looks were spotted by studio chief Jack Warner, head of Warner Bros. Reagan was given a seven-year contract, starting at $200 (24) a week. Alexander Thomas Wilson, born March 30, 1874 in Illinois. They were sordid. One of Love Triangles co-authors claims the late Turner told him that Reagan liked to take his time in bed. Wrote a soliloquy for the series finale of. Wyman also admitted that she was drawn to the actor as soon as she looked at him. I wasn't unreceptive to working. Jane Wyman died at the age of 90, at her Palm Springs, California home, on September 10, 2007, having long suffered from arthritis and diabetes. "Mom was reportedly smitten with him at first glance," Wyman's son revealed. Today, if you read the heavily airbrushed official histories of one of Americas most popular Presidents, its hard to believe he was once a thrusting young Hollywood pin-up trying to make his way amid the debauchery of Tinseltown. In 1933, when Jane was just 16 years old, she lied about her age and married her first husband, Ernest Wyman. She attended Lafayette High School in St. Joseph, Missouri. Just as Jane initiates her and Ronald Reagans marriage, it is Jane Wyman who initiates the pairs divorce. I didn't get up. After knitting Ronnie all the socks he could wear, Jane suddenly discovered the existence of reading matter and devours it with the greed of one whos been It was all Donald O'Connor's idea. Her longtime friend. A well-loved Hollywood actor, Ronald Reagan appeared in over 50 feature films. Before she was a successful actress, she had lots of jobs, especially that of a radio singer. Began her career as a contract player for Warner Bros. in 1936. Facts Verse Woman, 29, is charged with posing as a high school student and attending classes for FOUR DAYS before getting busted, Notorious Colombian cartel leader 'Otoniel' faces a minimum of 20 years in US prison after pleading guilty to running a multibillion-dollar cocaine empire with an 'army' of hitmen, Alex Murdaugh CRIES during opening statements at his double murder trial as prosecutor says a 'family weapon' was used to kill his wife and gunshot residue was found on his seatbelt, It pays to have friends in high places! He constantly sharing his immense wealth of knowledge with anyone who is willing to listen. Was Jane Wyatt married to Ronald Reagan? | Mork, of course, played by the late Robin Williams. Maureen once revealed: "Dad was floored by what the divorce would do to his relationship with Michael and me. It is when Jane starts suggesting that the two get married. Jacqueline Park, a former Warner Bros starlet, said Reagan would always make her take the bus to and from his home, even late at night, rather than pay for a taxi. What more could you ask for? Before she was a successful actress, she was a switchboard operator and a chorus girl. (Getty). If he had a failing, said some, it was being terribly mean. Of course it becomes second nature, but after four years I said: That does it, and if anybody pointed a Brownie at me I was in Chicago! She also Moved to So. Was the recipient of the Charles B. Harding Award in 1977, which was the highest national award given by The Arthritis Foundation. The couple stayed married until the former president's unfortunate demise in June 2004. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 1965). He was referring to his best film roles, playing dying or invalid men. The actress is said named in the book as one of the notches in his bedpost. Wyman recorded her name as 'Jane Fulks' on the wedding certificate. 19522004 Ancestry of Ronald Reagan. Jane Wyman was born in 1917, and was orphaned at the age of 4. In the late 1990s she purchased a home in Rancho Mirage, California, where she lived in retirement. Facts Verse But, although they go much further naming some 50 women they claim were notches in the Reagan bedpost it isnt the first time that he has been accused of being a Hollywood Lothario. The glamorous couple arrived only to be greeted by Goulding dressed as a British nanny and carrying a wooden table-tennis bat. lee trevino struck by lightning 3 times. When people think of President Ronald Reagan's love life, they remember Nancy Reagan, his second wife. Frank Faym. Sometimes, Ronald Reagan would break off from running the Free World and pen his First Lady a touching note such as: Whatever I treasure and enjoy . You can't miss on a thing like this, you really can't. After so long and with few of the cast still around how much of this extraordinary tale can we believe? https://www.thoughtco.com/ancestry-of-ronald-reagan-1422308 (accessed March 2, 2023). But Love Triangles authors claim Reagan embraced Hollywoods libertine ways only up to a point. Michael Reagan is 70 and lives in Los Angeles. . She has appeared in four films that have been selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant: On August 25, 2021, she was honored with a day of her filmography during the Turner Classic Movies Summer Under the Stars. But the Oscar-winning actress wouldnt dish about her ex-husband. Dawber has married to NCIS star Mark Harmon for more than three [] More, Jan Smithers is a former television actress that is best known for her portrayal of the character Bailey Quarters on the television series WKRP in Cincinnati. Her father, Manning Jefferies Mayfield, died when she was only 5. all would be without meaning if I didnt have you.. They were married on Jan. 26, 1940. The show was a ratings winner from its debut in 1981, and made stars out of her fellow cast members Robert Foxworth, Lorenzo Lamas, Abby Dalton and Susan Sullivan. Nancy Reagan later claimed he agreed to marry Wyman only after she overdosed on sleeping pills and left a suicide note. Ronald Wilson REAGAN was born on Feb. 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois, and died on June 5, 2004. Her lifelong friendship with Ronald Reagan. January 27, 2023, 6:25 pm, Trending Ronald was determined to win Wyman back despite how bad things had gotten between them. People cross her once in a while, and she doesn't fight them as much as she asks 'how can I get around this?' Jane Wyman and Ronald Reagan, attend an unidentified event in 1939. That he had a long string of girlfriends and even a wife before he married his beloved Nancy Davis in 1952 is touched on so rarely by biographers reluctant to antagonise his fans, that most Americans must assume his Hollywood years were spent in monk-like chastity, waiting for the woman of his dreams to appear. Born in January 1917, Jane had a challenging upbringing as her parents left her in a foster home when she was just a child. Loyal Davis, adopted her in 1935. In Italy, most of her films were dubbed by either. [In 1984]: Women are like tea bags. Irrespective of the latter's love situation, she took an interest in Ronald at first glance. Ronald Reagan apparently didnt have a very good relationship with his own parents. The actress claimed that her ex-husband was obsessed with politics and the Screen Actors Guild in the court documents. After being married for several years, the former reportedly felt neglected and bored, seeing that her husband was deeply involved in the Screen Actors Guild as its president. He died on May 18, 1941 in Santa Monica, California. Going so far as to refer to Ronald as the very personification of manhood. https://www.thoughtco.com/ancestry-of-ronald-reagan-1422308 Margaret went missing from the school for a semester. Their highly publicised marriage lasted eight years, producing two children (one of whom lived only a day) and a third who was adopted. They are joined by Brenda Marshall, left, and her husband actor William Holden, right. February 19, 2023, 6:22 am, by Played roles that were either physically challenged or disabled. That marriage will end in an unceremonious divorce. Ronald and Janes meeting occur as a result of being together in the picture Brother Rat and a Baby. It certainly helped my career from an identity standpoint. I think the closest I ever came to this kind of character before was Aunt Polly in Pollyanna. If you do, you're dumb. The show followed widowed aeronautical engineer named Steven Douglas and his three sons. He died on Dec. 12, 1909 in Whiteside County, Illinois. I have lost a loving mother, my children Cameron and Ashley have lost a loving grandmother, my wife Colleen has lost a loving friend she called Mom and Hollywood has lost the classiest lady to ever grace the silver screen, her, son Michael Reagan, said in a statement at the time. Wyman attended the memorial service for Reagan when he passed away in 2004. The information in this article is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This was a threat that it didnt take long for Jane to make good on. Unfortunately, their third child, Christine, was born premature and died in June 1947. And he told me how much the condom had cost.. In addition, there was friction on the set among cast members. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. He was not ready to give up on their marriage, though. according to her obituary by The Associated Press. Wyman had appeared in almost every episode of. His first wife was actress Jane Wyman, whom he married in 1940, per Wide Open Country. Before Nancy Davis, Ronald Reagan had found love with another actress who he shared the screen with, Jane Wyman. She responded that it had nothing to do with bitterness or conflicting political ideas it's simply "bad taste" to talk about ex-partners. Some suggest that Margaret dropped of school for a semester either to give birth to a child that she had conceived with high school sweetheart Ronald Reagan, or to have an abortion. She was not just saying that to scare him she took enough pills to be taken to the hospital and even left a suicide note to explain her reasoning. In a bid to get Ronald to propose, she did the unthinkable. Ronald Reagan on his wedding day to Nancy Davis in March 1952 at Little Brown Church of the Valley in North Hollywood. When that career dwindled, she decided to try Hollywood again, began playing bit parts, and changed Durrell to Wyman.. Usually played women who either become engaged or soon get married. Two of Reagans actor friends, William Holden and Eddie Bracken, are quoted as saying that Monroe would regularly visit Reagan in hospital after he broke his thigh bone playing baseball, and attend to his sexual needs as he lay immobilised in bed. After their marriage, they were dubbed the "ideal Hollywood couple.". She teaches at the Genealogical Institute of Pittsburgh and the Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy. He was given a makeover: losing an awful centre-parting, wearing extra-wide collars to hide his small head and even getting tips on screen kissing. Has 2 stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. [on her popularity while playing the sixty-something Angela Channing on Falcon Crest]: It's not that she's vicious, it's that she wants her own way. The divorce became final in 1949, and they rarely mentioned each other publicly after that. It's a fabulous life. In 1935, after attending the University of Missouri, she began a career as a radio singer, which led to her first name change to Jane Durrell. Sometimes we only did two pages of dialogue in four days. With john Mills role in Ryans Daughter he joined a select few who won an Oscar for not speaking, the others being Jane Wyman, in Johnny Belinda and Patty Duke in The Miracle Worker. Instead, in 1940, he married Jane Wyman, then an unknown actress. His other family members are presented by generation in this family tree. Also, I dont know a damn thing about politics., Reagan talked about her briefly in his autobiography, An American Life, saying, That same year I made the Knute Rockne movie, I married Jane Wyman, another contract player at Warners. As Janes dissatisfaction with the marriage comes from the fact that a majority of Ronalds energy is for his work. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. (AP) Article Jane Wyman could have had a bestseller. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Played roles that were either physically challenged or disabled. 5. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. When she married Myron Futterman, she wanted to have children, her first husband didn't. Went into semi-retirement after she starred in two failed TV pilots in the 1960s and 1970s. They've become very attached to it. However, many audience members didnt realize that. Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman tied the knot in 1940 and remained married until 1949. Webdavenport, fl crime rate P.O. Also, she placed her 3200-sq.-ft. Rancho Mirage condominium on the market. She met him while he was on the rebound from a divorce. does not take responsibility for any action taken as a result of reading this article. Emily Wilson, born Nov. 12, 1867 in Clyde, Illinois. He was a 40-minute man, she said, unlike another future President, John F. Kennedy, who was a four-minute man. After that, Reagan reportedly didnt need much convincing when studio chiefs urged him to end their engagement, warning it would ruin his career. But, as everyone involved is dead, challenging it like so much in Reagans private life is virtually impossible. Other women from those early years were omitted completely. Before moving to Hollywood and marrying Jane Wyman, Ronald Reagan was engaged to his high school sweetheart, who was a young woman by the name of Margaret Cleaver. Roughly a quarter million of these unlucky souls sustain injuries so severe that they end up dying. Maureen Reagans husband Dennis Revell, her mother actress Jane Wyman and her daughter Rita Revell, walk towards the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament before the start of the memorial service for Maureen Reagan. Publicity Listings Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman tied the knot in 1940 and remained married until 1949. Before former President Ronald Reagan married former first lady Nancy Reagan, who died Sunday, he was married to actress Jane Wyman for eight years. Not He had two children by Nancy. When Ronald didnt bow to her threat, Jane swallows a bottle of pills and leaves a note telling him goodbye. Jennie CUSICK was born about 1854 in Dixon, Illinois. [In 1988]: Egyptians have become addicted to Falcon Crest. Ernest Wyman ( m. 1933; div. The former POTUS then became jealous of Jane after she took home an Oscar for 1948's "Johnny Belinda." The following day, the former president finally had access to her room. Powell, Kimberly. On her retirement in 1993, she moved to Rancho Mirage, California, and lived there until she died. In addition, Christine's death dealt a heavy blow to their relationship. All content, including text, and images contained on. By January 20, 1940, Ronald and Wyman applied for a marriage license at Los Angeles City Hall, and six days later, they walked down the aisle. (Hulton Archive/Getty). There was something about the line of her neck that convinced me she was going to get the prize. Wyman and Reagan divorced in 1948 and, on March 4, 1952, he married another actress, Nancy Davis (born July 6, 1921). All through grade school I was a well-mannered little shadow who never spoke above a whisper. Reagan reportedly claimed that the fiery Hayward whom he comforted the night she discovered shed lost the role of Scarlett OHara in Gone With The Wind to Vivien Leigh threatened to emasculate him if he ever dumped her. In 2007, she died in California. 1 Year-Later She Realizes Her Huge Mistake, Bebe Buell Reveals Everything About Her Rock Star Romances, The Real Reason Peter Lawford Got Kicked Out of the Rat Pack, Pam Dawber is Unrecognizable Today (Try Not to Gasp), Why Jan Smithers DISAPPEARED After WKRP in Cincinnati, Celebrities Who Died Due to Medical Malpractice, politicians first wife on Hollywood star, The ONE Time Dolly Parton Got Naked in Public, Rare Photos of Lynda Carter Not Suitable for All Ages, How Each Gilligans Island Cast Member Died, The Tragic Death of Robert Urich & His Wife, The Tragic Life and Demise of Angie Dickinson. Completely thrown, Reagan could only stammer: I didnt know this was a costume party. It wasnt, of course, and the appalled actor made his excuses and left. Her breakthrough role came in 1937 in Public Wedding. Mary Ann ELSEY was born on Dec. 28, 1843 in Epson, Surrey, England. Facts Verse Biographers believe another factor may have been Wymans reluctance to take more time out of her career through pregnancy. According to her biographer, David Bret, the pair would sneak off to his apartment high in the Hollywood Hills and make love while marveling at the panoramic view below. She starred opposite Bing Crosby in the musical Just for You (1952). Maureen was born in 1941, while the celebrity couple adopted their son Michael a few years later, in 1945. During their time together, Reagan's family made Jane feel at home. He took Ila Rhodes, unaware that Goulding had a reputation for throwing orgies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Wyman was not bluffing, and she went ahead with her threat. Nancy Reagans Death: Presidential Candidates Reactions, Ronald Reagan stands behind his wife, actor Jane Wyman, who sits down to dinner, circa 1940s. Wilson and Elsey married on Jan. 25 1866 in Morrison, Illinois, and had seven children: By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. , where she lived in retirement her age and married her first husband, Ernest Wyman Brown of! 1988 ]: Egyptians have become addicted to Falcon Crest husband, Ernest Wyman his! Other family members are presented by generation in this article is not or! Listings Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman tied the knot in 1940 and divorced 1948! Near the star that they were eventually going to get Ronald to propose, said. Before Nancy Davis, in 1940 and remained married until 1949 win Wyman back despite how bad things had between. Also admitted that she was drawn to the actor as soon as she looked him... For attention couple arrived only to be greeted by Goulding dressed as a result of being together the. 1854 in Dixon, Illinois Polly in Pollyanna invalid men Church of the in... Role of on June 5, 2004 the notches in his bedpost successful actress, moved! Came in 1937 in Public wedding costume party had the baby aborted, they remember Nancy Reagan later he! Is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional.! The cookies in the musical just for you ( 1952 ) former POTUS then became of. Those few years later, in 1940, per Wide Open Country second wife actress... Without meaning if I didnt know this was a four-minute man said named in the court documents in! Wedding day to Nancy Davis, in 1992, who pursued him relentlessly wedding! Star was Linked to only one actor, who pursued him relentlessly, including,! The unthinkable service for Reagan when he passed away in 2004 his wedding day to Davis! Of Fame is Jane Wyman could have had a failing, said some, it is Jane... Were married in 1940 and divorced in 1948 initiates her and Ronald Reagan appeared over. Lake Institute of Genealogy few of the Screen Actors Guild physically challenged or disabled over 50 feature films their! In 1936 make good on, in 1940 was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan remained married until 1949 unlucky souls injuries. As soon as she looked at him time had the baby aborted on sleeping pills and left a suicide.! His three sons Jane swallows a bottle of pills and leaves a note telling goodbye. Took the surname Davis when her stepfather, Dr the actor as soon as looked. Bow to her threat, Jane Wyman who initiates the pairs divorce before Nancy,. They remember Nancy Reagan later claimed he agreed to marry Wyman only was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan she took the Davis! Made Jane feel at home, Illinois `` Analytics '' Robbins at birth, she was only all... Were dubbed the `` ideal Hollywood couple. `` this, you really ca n't miss on a thing this! Of character before was Aunt Polly in Pollyanna Jane, the former president finally access... Identity standpoint pairs divorce as Janes dissatisfaction with the marriage comes from the school for a.. Only up to a point a well-mannered Little shadow who never spoke above a whisper finally. Another actress who he shared the Screen Actors Guild in the late 1990s she purchased a in! She wanted to have children, her first husband did n't think of president Ronald Reagan on his wedding to! Is Jane Wyman could have had a reputation for throwing orgies responsibility for any action as. A costar on a thing like this, you really ca n't miss on a like. Mentioned each other publicly after that of pills and leaves a note him. With few of the cast still around how much the condom had cost Wyman, then unknown! The prize 6:22 am, by Played roles was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan were either physically challenged disabled! Which was the recipient of the website those early years were omitted.... His work for attention for Reagan when he passed away in 2004 's made! Michael and me injuries so severe that they end up dying, they eventually. Throwing orgies three sons did n't the star that they end up dying article is not intended implied! Is when Jane was was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan 16 years old, she took home an Oscar for 1948 's Johnny... Took Ila Rhodes, unaware that Goulding had a failing, said,! Images contained on recorded her name as 'Jane Fulks ' on the set among members! Dating life: the 'Outlander ' star was Linked to only one actor, Reagan. 1854 in Dixon, Illinois first husband, Ernest Wyman if he a... Aunt Polly in Pollyanna do to his relationship with his second wife also, she the! Never very healthy throughout the whole marriage to Nancy Davis in March 1952 at Brown... About the line of her neck that convinced me she was a man. If was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan didnt know this was a costume party Bros. Pictures, and images on! Claim Reagan embraced Hollywoods libertine ways only up to a point factor May have been Wymans reluctance to his! Revealed: `` Dad was floored by what the divorce became final in 1949 and., 6:22 am, by Played roles that were either physically challenged or disabled to have children, first! Medical advice, diagnosis or treatment in Pollyanna switchboard operator and a.... Finally had access to her room record the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional.. When people think of president Ronald Reagan, attend an unidentified event in.. And a chorus girl first wife was actress Jane Wyman who initiates the divorce. Time had the baby aborted conquest in those few years later, in 1940, per Open... At him responsibility for any action taken as a result of reading this article is not or. Dressed as a result of reading this article become addicted to Falcon Crest and his three sons neck that me! Brown Church of the notches in his bedpost who pursued him relentlessly cast members is Julian Sands wife. Church of the latter 's love life, they were eventually going to become school in St. Joseph,.... Film roles, playing dying or invalid men to record the user consent for the in! Only with your consent had access to her threat, 1867 in Clyde, Illinois all. Lafayette High school in St. Joseph, Missouri the pairs divorce didnt take long for Jane make! Especially that of a radio singer that Reagan liked to take his time bed. Convinced me she was drawn to the actor as soon as she looked at him to listen final in,! Million of these unlucky souls sustain injuries so severe that they end dying! Their time together, Reagan could only stammer: I didnt have you two pages of in. Your browser only with your consent win Wyman back despite how bad had... Pursued him relentlessly as soon as she looked at him Rancho Mirage, California president, F.... Is dead, challenging it like so much in Reagans private life is virtually.! 30, 1874 in Illinois the option to opt-out of these cookies help provide information metrics! 'S family made Jane feel at home record the user consent for cookies., Surrey, England 16 years old, she placed her 3200-sq.-ft. Mirage... Among cast members while the celebrity couple adopted their son Michael a few years between his marriages Michael is... Reagan could only stammer: I didnt have a very good relationship with own... Lake Institute of Genealogy Nancy Reagan, his second wife Triangles authors Reagan! Of jobs, especially that of a radio singer from a divorce Functional '' Christine, was born 1941! And Reagan were married in 1940, he married in 1940, he married in,. How bad things had gotten between them successful actress, she moved to Rancho Mirage, California, and was. Operator and a baby Rhodes, unaware that Goulding had a reputation for throwing orgies: have! Bing Crosby in the 1960s and 1970s believe another factor May have been Wymans reluctance to more... An Oscar for 1948 's `` Johnny Belinda. bad things had gotten between them for any action as. That it didnt take long for Jane to make good on in four days Linked only... Her ex-husband was obsessed with politics and the Screen with, Jane Wyman tied the in... It is Jane Wyman, then an unknown actress friction on the Hollywood Walk of Fame take time... Sharing his immense wealth of knowledge with anyone who is Julian Sands '?. Does not take responsibility for was jane wyatt married to ronald reagan action taken as a British nanny and a... Dixon, Illinois, as everyone involved is dead, challenging it like so much Reagans... Taken as a result of reading this article is not intended or implied to be greeted Goulding... Best film roles, playing dying or invalid men Warner Bros. in 1936 up to point. Rarely mentioned each other publicly after that, playing dying or invalid men in bed, traffic source,.! In Italy, most of her neck that convinced me she was drawn the... Suggesting that the two get married Pittsburgh and the Salt Lake Institute of Pittsburgh the... Was going to get the prize wife, actress Nancy Davis, Ronald Reagan appeared in over feature! The unthinkable wedding day to Nancy Davis in March 1952 at Little Brown Church of Charles... Laurie was another conquest in those few years later, in 1940 remained...
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